This is gnuastro.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.2 from
gnuastro.texi.

This book documents version 0.23.119-586f of the GNU Astronomy Utilities
(Gnuastro).  Gnuastro provides various programs and libraries for
astronomical data manipulation and analysis.

   Copyright © 2015-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
     no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the
     section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
INFO-DIR-SECTION Astronomy
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Gnuastro: (gnuastro).       GNU Astronomy Utilities.
* libgnuastro: (gnuastro)Gnuastro library. Full Gnuastro library doc.

* help-gnuastro: (gnuastro)help-gnuastro mailing list. Getting help.

* bug-gnuastro: (gnuastro)Report a bug. How to report bugs

* Arithmetic: (gnuastro)Arithmetic. Arithmetic operations on pixels.
* astarithmetic: (gnuastro)Invoking astarithmetic. Options to Arithmetic.

* BuildProgram: (gnuastro)BuildProgram. Compile and run programs using Gnuastro's library.
* astbuildprog: (gnuastro)Invoking astbuildprog. Options to BuildProgram.

* ConvertType: (gnuastro)ConvertType. Convert different file types.
* astconvertt: (gnuastro)Invoking astconvertt. Options to ConvertType.

* Convolve: (gnuastro)Convolve. Convolve an input file with kernel.
* astconvolve: (gnuastro)Invoking astconvolve. Options to Convolve.

* CosmicCalculator: (gnuastro)CosmicCalculator. For cosmological params.
* astcosmiccal: (gnuastro)Invoking astcosmiccal. Options to CosmicCalculator.

* Crop: (gnuastro)Crop. Crop region(s) from image(s).
* astcrop: (gnuastro)Invoking astcrop. Options to Crop.

* Fits: (gnuastro)Fits. View and manipulate FITS extensions and keywords.
* astfits: (gnuastro)Invoking astfits. Options to Fits.

* MakeCatalog: (gnuastro)MakeCatalog. Make a catalog from labeled image.
* astmkcatalog: (gnuastro)Invoking astmkcatalog. Options to MakeCatalog.

* MakeProfiles: (gnuastro)MakeProfiles. Make mock profiles.
* astmkprof: (gnuastro)Invoking astmkprof. Options to MakeProfiles.

* Match: (gnuastro)Match. Match two separate catalogs.
* astmatch: (gnuastro)Invoking astmatch. Options to Match.

* NoiseChisel: (gnuastro)NoiseChisel. Detect signal in noise.
* astnoisechisel: (gnuastro)Invoking astnoisechisel. Options to NoiseChisel.

* Segment: (gnuastro)Segment. Segment detections based on signal structure.
* astsegment: (gnuastro)Invoking astsegment. Options to Segment.

* Query: (gnuastro)Query. Access remote databases for downloading data.
* astquery: (gnuastro)Invoking astquery. Options to Query.

* Statistics: (gnuastro)Statistics. Get image Statistics.
* aststatistics: (gnuastro)Invoking aststatistics. Options to Statistics.

* Table: (gnuastro)Table. Read and write FITS binary or ASCII tables.
* asttable: (gnuastro)Invoking asttable. Options to Table.

* Warp: (gnuastro)Warp. Warp a dataset to a new grid.
* astwarp: (gnuastro)Invoking astwarp. Options to Warp.

* astscript: (gnuastro)Installed scripts. Gnuastro's installed scripts.
* astscript-ds9-region: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-ds9-region. Options to this script
* astscript-fits-view: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-fits-view. Options to this script
* astscript-pointing-simulate: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-pointing-simulate. Options to this script
* astscript-psf-scale-factor: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-psf-scale-factor. Options to this script
* astscript-psf-select-stars: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-psf-select-stars. Options to this script
* astscript-psf-stamp: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-psf-stamp. Options to this script
* astscript-psf-subtract: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-psf-subtract. Options to this script
* astscript-psf-unite: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-psf-unite. Options to this script
* astscript-radial-profile: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-radial-profile. Options to this script
* astscript-sort-by-night: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-sort-by-night. Options to this script
* astscript-zeropoint: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-zeropoint. Options to this script
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


Indirect:
gnuastro.info-1: 4291
gnuastro.info-2: 306204
gnuastro.info-3: 609762
gnuastro.info-4: 905832
gnuastro.info-5: 1249062
gnuastro.info-6: 1517666
gnuastro.info-7: 1805383
gnuastro.info-8: 2107301
gnuastro.info-9: 2406143
gnuastro.info-10: 2704408
gnuastro.info-11: 3004517

Tag Table:
(Indirect)
Node: Top4291
Node: Introduction40980
Node: Quick start43790
Ref: Quick start-Footnote-146997
Node: Gnuastro programs list47193
Node: Science and its tools57353
Ref: Science and its tools-Footnote-169951
Ref: Science and its tools-Footnote-270005
Ref: Science and its tools-Footnote-370458
Ref: Science and its tools-Footnote-470603
Ref: Science and its tools-Footnote-570736
Ref: Science and its tools-Footnote-671245
Node: Your rights71348
Ref: Your rights-Footnote-173510
Ref: Your rights-Footnote-273619
Ref: Your rights-Footnote-373684
Node: Logo of Gnuastro73749
Node: Naming convention75386
Node: Version numbering76526
Ref: Version numbering-Footnote-179605
Node: GNU Astronomy Utilities 1.079907
Node: New to GNU/Linux?80833
Ref: New to GNU/Linux?-Footnote-184693
Ref: New to GNU/Linux?-Footnote-284783
Node: Command-line interface84849
Ref: Command-line interface-Footnote-190647
Ref: Command-line interface-Footnote-290679
Ref: Command-line interface-Footnote-390782
Node: Report a bug91018
Ref: Report a bug-Footnote-197838
Ref: Report a bug-Footnote-297901
Node: Suggest new feature97963
Node: Announcements100824
Node: Conventions101780
Node: Acknowledgments104130
Node: Tutorials110376
Ref: Tutorials-Footnote-1116816
Ref: Tutorials-Footnote-2116926
Node: General program usage tutorial117744
Ref: General program usage tutorial-Footnote-1122157
Ref: General program usage tutorial-Footnote-2122234
Ref: General program usage tutorial-Footnote-3122278
Node: Calling Gnuastro's programs122322
Node: Accessing documentation123239
Ref: Accessing documentation-Footnote-1127941
Node: Setup and data download128022
Ref: Setup and data download-Footnote-1129953
Node: Dataset inspection and cropping130090
Ref: Dataset inspection and cropping-Footnote-1136747
Ref: Dataset inspection and cropping-Footnote-2137028
Ref: Dataset inspection and cropping-Footnote-3137089
Ref: Dataset inspection and cropping-Footnote-4137537
Node: Angular coverage on the sky137589
Ref: Angular coverage on the sky-Footnote-1145247
Node: Cosmological coverage and visualizing tables146195
Node: Building custom programs with the library152365
Ref: Building custom programs with the library-Footnote-1157954
Node: Option management and configuration files158352
Node: Warping to a new pixel grid167203
Node: NoiseChisel and Multi-Extension FITS files170713
Ref: NoiseChisel and Multi-Extension FITS files-Footnote-1178797
Node: NoiseChisel optimization for detection178876
Ref: NoiseChisel optimization for detection-Footnote-1194910
Node: NoiseChisel optimization for storage195748
Node: Segmentation and making a catalog199500
Ref: Segmentation and making a catalog-Footnote-1208287
Ref: Segmentation and making a catalog-Footnote-2208611
Node: Measuring the dataset limits208754
Ref: Measuring the dataset limits-Footnote-1222867
Ref: Measuring the dataset limits-Footnote-2222997
Ref: Measuring the dataset limits-Footnote-3223052
Node: Working with catalogs estimating colors223136
Ref: Working with catalogs estimating colors-Footnote-1239092
Node: Column statistics color-magnitude diagram239361
Node: Aperture photometry246723
Ref: Aperture photometry-Footnote-1250482
Node: Matching catalogs250538
Node: Reddest clumps cutouts and parallelization254328
Node: FITS images in a publication259742
Ref: FITS images in a publication-Footnote-1270457
Node: Marking objects for publication270520
Node: Writing scripts to automate the steps283016
Ref: Writing scripts to automate the steps-Footnote-1301485
Node: Citing and acknowledging Gnuastro306204
Node: Detecting large extended targets307289
Ref: Detecting large extended targets-Footnote-1309589
Node: Downloading and validating input data309639
Ref: Downloading and validating input data-Footnote-1314870
Ref: Downloading and validating input data-Footnote-2315108
Node: NoiseChisel optimization315458
Ref: NoiseChisel optimization-Footnote-1335117
Ref: NoiseChisel optimization-Footnote-2335205
Ref: NoiseChisel optimization-Footnote-3335314
Ref: NoiseChisel optimization-Footnote-4335450
Node: Skewness caused by signal and its measurement335605
Node: Image surface brightness limit346811
Ref: Image surface brightness limit-Footnote-1361332
Ref: Image surface brightness limit-Footnote-2361579
Ref: Image surface brightness limit-Footnote-3361642
Node: Achieved surface brightness level361828
Ref: Achieved surface brightness level-Footnote-1369122
Ref: Achieved surface brightness level-Footnote-2369962
Node: Extract clumps and objects370102
Ref: Extract clumps and objects-Footnote-1378876
Ref: Extract clumps and objects-Footnote-2378989
Node: Building the extended PSF379333
Node: Preparing input for extended PSF380468
Ref: Preparing input for extended PSF-Footnote-1382570
Node: Saturated pixels and Segment's clumps382719
Ref: Saturated pixels and Segment's clumps-Footnote-1394489
Node: One object for the whole detection394739
Node: Building outer part of PSF402785
Node: Inner part of the PSF413228
Node: Uniting the different PSF components416298
Node: Subtracting the PSF429040
Ref: Subtracting the PSF-Footnote-1443019
Node: Sufi simulates a detection443269
Ref: Sufi simulates a detection-Footnote-1475271
Ref: Sufi simulates a detection-Footnote-2475525
Ref: Sufi simulates a detection-Footnote-3475900
Node: Detecting lines and extracting spectra in 3D data475960
Ref: Detecting lines and extracting spectra in 3D data-Footnote-1479158
Ref: Detecting lines and extracting spectra in 3D data-Footnote-2479220
Ref: Detecting lines and extracting spectra in 3D data-Footnote-3479294
Ref: Detecting lines and extracting spectra in 3D data-Footnote-4479368
Ref: Detecting lines and extracting spectra in 3D data-Footnote-5479427
Node: Viewing spectra and redshifted lines480071
Node: Sky lines in optical IFUs490604
Node: Continuum subtraction492566
Ref: Continuum subtraction-Footnote-1498146
Node: 3D detection with NoiseChisel498300
Ref: 3D detection with NoiseChisel-Footnote-1504610
Node: 3D measurements and spectra504763
Node: Extracting a single spectrum and plotting it517649
Node: Cubes with logarithmic third dimension521121
Ref: Cubes with logarithmic third dimension-Footnote-1523019
Node: Synthetic narrow-band images523203
Ref: Synthetic narrow-band images-Footnote-1530814
Node: Color images with full dynamic range531429
Node: Color channels in same pixel grid534490
Node: Color image using linear transformation539239
Node: Color for bright regions and grayscale for faint547702
Node: Manually setting color-black-gray regions564511
Node: Weights contrast markers and other customizations569136
Node: Zero point of an image579476
Node: Zero point tutorial with reference image581410
Ref: Zero point tutorial with reference image-Footnote-1605316
Node: Zero point tutorial with reference catalog609762
Node: Pointing pattern design613768
Node: Preparing input and generating exposure map617184
Ref: Preparing input and generating exposure map-Footnote-1626647
Ref: Preparing input and generating exposure map-Footnote-2626790
Ref: Preparing input and generating exposure map-Footnote-3626907
Node: Area of non-blank pixels on sky627150
Node: Script with pointing simulation steps so far630973
Node: Larger steps sizes for better calibration635250
Node: Pointings that account for sky curvature643690
Ref: Pointings that account for sky curvature-Footnote-1652654
Node: Accounting for non-exposed pixels652750
Ref: Accounting for non-exposed pixels-Footnote-1659257
Ref: Accounting for non-exposed pixels-Footnote-2659577
Node: Moire pattern in coadding and its correction659805
Ref: Moire pattern in coadding and its correction-Footnote-1673334
Node: Clipping outliers673428
Node: Building inputs and analysis without clipping675800
Node: Sigma clipping685285
Node: MAD clipping702009
Ref: MAD clipping-Footnote-1710553
Node: Contiguous outliers710743
Node: Installation715633
Ref: Installation-Footnote-1718208
Node: Dependencies718295
Node: Mandatory dependencies719930
Node: GNU Scientific Library720670
Node: CFITSIO721519
Ref: CFITSIO-Footnote-1725974
Node: WCSLIB726136
Ref: WCSLIB-Footnote-1728405
Ref: WCSLIB-Footnote-2728539
Ref: WCSLIB-Footnote-3728625
Ref: WCSLIB-Footnote-4728656
Node: Optional dependencies728702
Ref: Optional dependencies-Footnote-1737215
Node: Bootstrapping dependencies737495
Ref: Bootstrapping dependencies-Footnote-1748897
Ref: Bootstrapping dependencies-Footnote-2749170
Ref: Bootstrapping dependencies-Footnote-3749629
Ref: Bootstrapping dependencies-Footnote-4749935
Node: Dependencies from package managers750137
Ref: Dependencies from package managers-Footnote-1762591
Ref: Dependencies from package managers-Footnote-2762673
Ref: Dependencies from package managers-Footnote-3762720
Node: Downloading the source762757
Node: Release tarball763739
Node: Version controlled source766962
Ref: Version controlled source-Footnote-1770030
Node: Bootstrapping770303
Ref: Bootstrapping-Footnote-1776128
Node: Synchronizing776248
Ref: Synchronizing-Footnote-1780614
Ref: Synchronizing-Footnote-2780810
Node: Build and install780999
Node: Configuring782793
Node: Gnuastro configure options784483
Node: Installation directory791933
Ref: Installation directory-Footnote-1806415
Ref: Installation directory-Footnote-2806513
Ref: Installation directory-Footnote-3806644
Ref: Installation directory-Footnote-4806723
Ref: Installation directory-Footnote-5806905
Node: Executable names807558
Node: Configure and build in RAM811432
Node: Separate build and source directories813989
Node: Tests822440
Node: A4 print book824104
Node: Known issues825523
Ref: Known issues-Footnote-1833374
Ref: Known issues-Footnote-2833413
Ref: Known issues-Footnote-3833602
Ref: Known issues-Footnote-4833657
Ref: Known issues-Footnote-5833718
Node: Common program behavior833774
Ref: Common program behavior-Footnote-1837377
Node: Command-line837641
Node: Arguments and options838678
Node: Arguments842353
Node: Options845108
Node: Common options851990
Node: Input output options852893
Ref: Input output options-Footnote-1861419
Ref: Input output options-Footnote-2861556
Node: Processing options861629
Node: Operating mode options869284
Ref: Operating mode options-Footnote-1885055
Node: Shell TAB completion885117
Ref: Shell TAB completion-Footnote-1889280
Ref: Shell TAB completion-Footnote-2889361
Ref: Shell TAB completion-Footnote-3889408
Ref: Shell TAB completion-Footnote-4889499
Ref: Shell TAB completion-Footnote-5889606
Node: Standard input889776
Node: Shell tips893872
Node: Separate shell variables for multiple outputs894385
Ref: Separate shell variables for multiple outputs-Footnote-1898923
Ref: Separate shell variables for multiple outputs-Footnote-2899177
Node: Truncating start of long string FITS keyword values899572
Ref: Truncating start of long string FITS keyword values-Footnote-1901182
Node: Configuration files905832
Ref: Configuration files-Footnote-1907803
Ref: Configuration files-Footnote-2907872
Node: Configuration file format908092
Node: Configuration file precedence910499
Ref: Configuration file precedence-Footnote-1914877
Node: Current directory and User wide915046
Node: System wide916319
Node: Getting help917859
Node: --usage920361
Node: --help921706
Node: Man pages925565
Node: Info926396
Node: help-gnuastro mailing list928804
Node: Multi-threaded operations929873
Node: A note on threads931311
Node: How to run simultaneous operations933872
Ref: How to run simultaneous operations-Footnote-1938225
Ref: How to run simultaneous operations-Footnote-2938623
Ref: How to run simultaneous operations-Footnote-3938668
Ref: How to run simultaneous operations-Footnote-4938720
Node: Numeric data types939248
Node: Memory management946126
Ref: Memory management-Footnote-1956916
Node: Tables957036
Node: Recognized table formats960344
Node: Gnuastro text table format965654
Node: Selecting table columns975768
Node: Tessellation979634
Node: Automatic output985383
Ref: Automatic output-Footnote-1987970
Node: Output FITS files988183
Node: Numeric locale995294
Node: Data containers998234
Node: Fits1001141
Ref: Fits-Footnote-11006456
Node: Invoking astfits1006523
Node: HDU information and manipulation1011993
Node: Keyword inspection and manipulation1023309
Ref: Keyword inspection and manipulation-Footnote-11054179
Ref: Keyword inspection and manipulation-Footnote-21055028
Node: Pixel information images1055101
Ref: Pixel information images-Footnote-11058479
Node: ConvertType1058553
Ref: ConvertType-Footnote-11060706
Node: Raster and Vector graphics1060775
Node: Recognized file formats1063000
Ref: Recognized file formats-Footnote-11072626
Node: Color1072673
Node: Pixel colors1073619
Node: Colormaps for single-channel pixels1075691
Node: Vector graphics colors1079491
Ref: colornames1080546
Node: Annotations for figure in paper1080731
Ref: Annotations for figure in paper-Footnote-11099192
Ref: Annotations for figure in paper-Footnote-21099274
Ref: Annotations for figure in paper-Footnote-31099344
Ref: Annotations for figure in paper-Footnote-41099483
Ref: Annotations for figure in paper-Footnote-51099563
Ref: Annotations for figure in paper-Footnote-61099611
Ref: Annotations for figure in paper-Footnote-71099681
Node: Full script of annotations on figure1099763
Node: Invoking astconvertt1104910
Node: ConvertType input and output1106879
Node: Pixel visualization1113883
Ref: Pixel visualization-Footnote-11123196
Node: Drawing with vector graphics1123248
Node: Table1141359
Ref: Table-Footnote-11144785
Node: Printing floating point numbers1145171
Ref: Printing floating point numbers-Footnote-11151075
Node: Vector columns1151155
Ref: Vector columns-Footnote-11161609
Node: Column arithmetic1161685
Ref: Column arithmetic-Footnote-11184114
Node: Operation precedence in Table1184308
Node: Invoking asttable1199256
Node: Query1249062
Ref: Query-Footnote-11251898
Ref: Query-Footnote-21251939
Node: Available databases1251981
Node: Invoking astquery1262764
Node: Data manipulation1279999
Node: Crop1280731
Node: Crop modes1282876
Node: Crop section syntax1290412
Node: Blank pixels1293542
Node: Invoking astcrop1295221
Node: Crop options1299474
Ref: Crop options-Footnote-11314989
Ref: Crop options-Footnote-21315063
Node: Crop output1315111
Node: Crop known issues1326273
Node: Arithmetic1328046
Node: Reverse polish notation1329423
Ref: Reverse polish notation-Footnote-11336577
Ref: Reverse polish notation-Footnote-21336633
Node: Integer benefits and pitfalls1336747
Node: Noise basics1342401
Node: Photon counting noise1343667
Ref: Photon counting noise-Footnote-11350781
Ref: Photon counting noise-Footnote-21350899
Ref: Photon counting noise-Footnote-31351095
Node: Instrumental noise1351522
Node: Final noised pixel value1352993
Node: Generating random numbers1353514
Ref: Generating random numbers-Footnote-11358710
Ref: Generating random numbers-Footnote-21358810
Ref: Generating random numbers-Footnote-31358881
Node: Arithmetic operators1359215
Node: Basic mathematical operators1364456
Node: Trigonometric and hyperbolic operators1371358
Node: Constants1374083
Node: Coordinate conversion operators1375895
Node: Unit conversion operators1382599
Ref: Unit conversion operators-Footnote-11400075
Ref: Unit conversion operators-Footnote-21400373
Ref: Unit conversion operators-Footnote-31400460
Ref: Unit conversion operators-Footnote-41400532
Node: Statistical operators1400606
Ref: Statistical operators-Footnote-11410291
Node: Coadding operators1410464
Node: Filtering operators1422462
Node: Pooling operators1429113
Node: Interpolation operators1438487
Node: Dimensionality changing operators1443102
Ref: Dimensionality changing operators-Footnote-11460012
Ref: Dimensionality changing operators-Footnote-21460081
Node: Conditional operators1460254
Node: Mathematical morphology operators1469064
Node: Bitwise operators1476507
Node: Numerical type conversion operators1482854
Node: Random number generators1485866
Ref: Random number generators-Footnote-11513124
Node: Coordinate and border operators1517666
Node: Loading external columns1527332
Node: Size and position operators1528903
Node: New operands1541082
Node: Operand storage in memory or a file1544825
Ref: Operand storage in memory or a file-Footnote-11551205
Node: Invoking astarithmetic1551496
Node: Convolve1568206
Ref: Convolve-Footnote-11570848
Ref: Convolve-Footnote-21571060
Node: Spatial domain convolution1571344
Ref: Spatial domain convolution-Footnote-11572564
Node: Convolution process1572621
Node: Edges in the spatial domain1575453
Ref: Edges in the spatial domain-Footnote-11578670
Ref: Edges in the spatial domain-Footnote-21578766
Node: Frequency domain and Fourier operations1578848
Node: Fourier series historical background1581609
Ref: epicycle1583178
Ref: Fourier series historical background-Footnote-11586356
Ref: Fourier series historical background-Footnote-21586453
Node: Circles and the complex plane1586809
Ref: iandtime1591263
Ref: Circles and the complex plane-Footnote-11591509
Node: Fourier series1591873
Ref: Fourier series-Footnote-11595989
Node: Fourier transform1596086
Ref: Fourier transform-Footnote-11599157
Node: Dirac delta and comb1599399
Node: Convolution theorem1602793
Ref: Convolution theorem-Footnote-11606874
Node: Sampling theorem1606935
Ref: samplingfreq1609705
Ref: Sampling theorem-Footnote-11613817
Node: Discrete Fourier transform1613962
Ref: Discrete Fourier transform-Footnote-11617272
Ref: Discrete Fourier transform-Footnote-21617378
Node: Fourier operations in two dimensions1617511
Ref: Fourier operations in two dimensions-Footnote-11620287
Node: Edges in the frequency domain1620452
Node: Spatial vs. Frequency domain1624138
Node: Convolution kernel1625695
Node: Invoking astconvolve1628436
Node: Warp1637601
Ref: Warp-Footnote-11640957
Ref: Warp-Footnote-21641099
Node: Linear warping basics1641261
Ref: Linear warping basics-Footnote-11647208
Ref: Linear warping basics-Footnote-21647304
Ref: Linear warping basics-Footnote-31647367
Ref: Linear warping basics-Footnote-41647428
Ref: Linear warping basics-Footnote-51647478
Node: Merging multiple warpings1647732
Node: Resampling1649228
Ref: Resampling-Footnote-11655121
Ref: Resampling-Footnote-21655206
Ref: Resampling-Footnote-31655299
Ref: Resampling-Footnote-41655365
Ref: Resampling-Footnote-51655562
Node: Invoking astwarp1655610
Node: Align pixels with WCS considering distortions1661095
Ref: Align pixels with WCS considering distortions-Footnote-11676587
Ref: Align pixels with WCS considering distortions-Footnote-21676663
Node: Linear warps to be called explicitly1676763
Node: Data analysis1685637
Node: Statistics1686513
Node: Histogram and Cumulative Frequency Plot1688175
Ref: Histogram and Cumulative Frequency Plot-Footnote-11692350
Node: 2D Histograms1692508
Node: 2D histogram as a table for plotting1695286
Ref: 2D histogram as a table for plotting-Footnote-11700297
Node: 2D histogram as an image1700395
Node: Least squares fitting1706512
Node: One dimensional polynomial fitting1708883
Ref: One dimensional polynomial fitting-Footnote-11721667
Node: Two dimensional polynomial fitting1722137
Node: Sky value1728162
Node: Sky value definition1730312
Ref: Sky value definition-Footnote-11733747
Ref: Sky value definition-Footnote-21734067
Node: Sky value misconceptions1734171
Ref: Sky value misconceptions-Footnote-11736670
Node: Quantifying signal in a tile1736941
Ref: Quantifying signal in a tile-Footnote-11747469
Node: Invoking aststatistics1747564
Ref: Invoking aststatistics-Footnote-11754303
Node: Input to Statistics1754509
Node: Single value measurements1756874
Ref: Single value measurements-Footnote-11769862
Ref: Single value measurements-Footnote-21769957
Node: Generating histograms and cumulative frequency plots1770120
Ref: Generating histograms and cumulative frequency plots-Footnote-11782272
Node: Fitting options1782342
Node: Contour options1792747
Node: Statistics on tiles1793950
Node: NoiseChisel1805383
Node: NoiseChisel changes after publication1813459
Ref: NoiseChisel changes after publication-Footnote-11816176
Node: Invoking astnoisechisel1816278
Ref: Invoking astnoisechisel-Footnote-11824164
Node: NoiseChisel input1824417
Node: Detection options1832354
Node: NoiseChisel output1859739
Node: Segment1868375
Ref: Segment-Footnote-11873259
Ref: Segment-Footnote-21873328
Node: Invoking astsegment1873464
Node: Segment input1876339
Node: Segmentation options1887475
Node: Segment output1896641
Node: MakeCatalog1903558
Ref: MakeCatalog-Footnote-11909281
Ref: MakeCatalog-Footnote-21909483
Ref: MakeCatalog-Footnote-31909581
Ref: MakeCatalog-Footnote-41909719
Node: Detection and catalog production1909871
Ref: Detection and catalog production-Footnote-11913718
Node: Brightness flux magnitude1913775
Node: Standard deviation vs Standard error1931747
Node: MakeCatalog measurements on each label1943177
Node: Identifier columns1946264
Node: Position measurements in pixels1947660
Node: Position measurements in WCS1951977
Node: Brightness measurements1956331
Node: Surface brightness measurements1967924
Node: Upper limit measurements1974778
Ref: Upper limit measurements-Footnote-11981349
Node: Morphology measurements nonparametric1981524
Node: Morphology measurements elliptical1991572
Node: Measurements per slice spectra2001824
Node: Metameasurements on full input2006431
Ref: Metameasurements on full input-Footnote-12008826
Node: Surface brightness limit of image2008955
Ref: Surface brightness limit of image-Footnote-12016611
Ref: Surface brightness limit of image-Footnote-22016804
Ref: Surface brightness limit of image-Footnote-32017029
Node: Noise based magnitude limit of image2017383
Node: Confusion limit of image2022052
Node: Manual metameasurements2026259
Node: Expected surface brightness limit2027073
Ref: Expected surface brightness limit-Footnote-12029528
Node: Upper limit surface brightness of image2029593
Node: Magnitude limit for certain objects2033348
Node: Completeness limit for certain objects2035270
Node: Adding new columns to MakeCatalog2037099
Node: Invoking astmkcatalog2042363
Node: MakeCatalog inputs and basic settings2045050
Node: Upper-limit settings2058356
Ref: Upper-limit settings-Footnote-12067693
Ref: Upper-limit settings-Footnote-22067776
Node: MakeCatalog output HDUs2067961
Ref: MakeCatalog output HDUs-Footnote-12072484
Node: MakeCatalog output keywords2072745
Node: Match2083274
Node: Arranging match output2085140
Node: Unambiguous matching2097490
Node: Matching algorithms2107301
Node: Invoking astmatch2115211
Node: Data modeling2135581
Node: MakeProfiles2136121
Node: Modeling basics2138678
Node: Defining an ellipse and ellipsoid2139471
Ref: Defining an ellipse and ellipsoid-Footnote-12144362
Ref: Defining an ellipse and ellipsoid-Footnote-22144569
Node: PSF2144629
Ref: PSF-Footnote-12149303
Node: Stars2149477
Node: Galaxies2150130
Ref: Galaxies-Footnote-12151442
Node: Sampling from a function2151640
Node: Oversampling2156423
Node: If convolving afterwards2157785
Node: Profile magnitude2159046
Node: Invoking astmkprof2160824
Ref: Invoking astmkprof-Footnote-12166731
Node: MakeProfiles catalog2166984
Ref: MakeProfiles catalog-Footnote-12176774
Node: MakeProfiles profile settings2177161
Ref: MakeProfiles profile settings-Footnote-12196149
Node: MakeProfiles output dataset2196299
Ref: MakeProfiles output dataset-Footnote-12209342
Ref: MakeProfiles output dataset-Footnote-22209919
Node: MakeProfiles log file2210391
Node: High-level calculations2211743
Node: CosmicCalculator2212538
Node: Distance on a 2D curved space2213966
Ref: flatplane2216734
Ref: sphereandplane2218960
Ref: Distance on a 2D curved space-Footnote-12225663
Ref: Distance on a 2D curved space-Footnote-22225945
Ref: Distance on a 2D curved space-Footnote-32226389
Ref: Distance on a 2D curved space-Footnote-42226560
Node: Extending distance concepts to 3D2226648
Node: Invoking astcosmiccal2228168
Node: CosmicCalculator input options2231047
Node: CosmicCalculator basic cosmology calculations2233590
Node: CosmicCalculator spectral line calculations2243657
Node: Installed scripts2248355
Ref: Installed scripts-Footnote-12252120
Node: Sort FITS files by night2252767
Node: Invoking astscript-sort-by-night2257923
Node: Generate radial profile2264486
Node: Invoking astscript-radial-profile2265448
Node: SAO DS9 region files from table2287387
Ref: SAO DS9 region files from table-Footnote-12288382
Node: Invoking astscript-ds9-region2288410
Node: Viewing FITS file contents with DS9 or TOPCAT2295656
Node: Invoking astscript-fits-view2299861
Node: Zero point estimation2308552
Ref: Zero point estimation-Footnote-12311728
Ref: Zero point estimation-Footnote-22311883
Ref: Zero point estimation-Footnote-32311972
Node: Invoking astscript-zeropoint2312049
Node: zero point output2315870
Node: zero point options2317760
Ref: zero point options-Footnote-12324367
Node: Pointing pattern simulation2324469
Node: Invoking astscript-pointing-simulate2328896
Node: Color images with gray faint regions2339646
Node: Invoking astscript-color-faint-gray2341826
Node: PSF construction and subtraction2355955
Ref: PSF construction and subtraction-Footnote-12358318
Node: Overview of the PSF scripts2358485
Node: Invoking astscript-psf-select-stars2364279
Node: Invoking astscript-psf-stamp2372840
Node: Invoking astscript-psf-unite2384111
Node: Invoking astscript-psf-scale-factor2389109
Node: Invoking astscript-psf-subtract2396936
Node: Makefile extensions2406143
Node: Loading the Gnuastro Make functions2407777
Node: Makefile functions of Gnuastro2409845
Node: Text functions for Makefiles2411760
Node: Astronomy functions for Makefiles2427531
Node: Library2432623
Node: Review of library fundamentals2434870
Node: Headers2436988
Ref: Headers-Footnote-12447117
Ref: Headers-Footnote-22447175
Ref: Headers-Footnote-32447366
Ref: Headers-Footnote-42447481
Ref: Headers-Footnote-52447587
Node: Linking2447668
Ref: Linking-Footnote-12459270
Ref: Linking-Footnote-22459461
Ref: Linking-Footnote-32459741
Ref: Linking-Footnote-42459915
Ref: Linking-Footnote-52460171
Node: Summary and example on libraries2460265
Node: BuildProgram2464169
Node: Invoking astbuildprog2465699
Node: Gnuastro library2475855
Ref: Gnuastro library-Footnote-12480906
Node: Configuration information2481043
Ref: Configuration information-Footnote-12486087
Node: Multithreaded programming2486142
Ref: Multithreaded programming-Footnote-12489186
Ref: Multithreaded programming-Footnote-22489344
Node: Implementation of pthread_barrier2489406
Node: Gnuastro's thread related functions2492269
Node: Library data types2500446
Node: Pointers2516303
Node: Library blank values2522771
Node: Library data container2536519
Node: Generic data container2537714
Ref: Generic data container-Footnote-12550847
Ref: Generic data container-Footnote-22550906
Ref: Generic data container-Footnote-32550984
Node: Dataset allocation2551053
Node: Arrays of datasets2555522
Node: Copying datasets2558201
Node: Dimensions2562333
Node: Linked lists2585772
Ref: Linked lists-Footnote-12590995
Node: List of strings2591394
Node: List of int32_t2595828
Node: List of size_t2599564
Ref: List of size_t-Footnote-12604034
Node: List of float2604136
Node: List of double2607823
Node: List of size_t and double2612023
Node: List of two size_ts and a double2613912
Node: List of void2615419
Node: Ordered list of size_t2618244
Node: Doubly linked ordered list of size_t2621223
Node: List of gal_data_t2624652
Node: Array input output2629589
Node: Table input output2635283
Node: FITS files2651295
Node: FITS macros errors filenames2653214
Node: CFITSIO and Gnuastro types2656050
Node: FITS HDUs2658557
Node: FITS header keywords2663278
Ref: FITS header keywords-Footnote-12686075
Node: FITS arrays - images or cubes2686289
Node: FITS tables2694380
Node: File input output2704408
Node: Text files2705421
Node: TIFF files2716667
Node: JPEG files2719392
Node: EPS files2722176
Node: PDF files2728606
Node: World Coordinate System2731838
Ref: World Coordinate System-Footnote-12761910
Ref: World Coordinate System-Footnote-22761987
Ref: World Coordinate System-Footnote-32762060
Ref: World Coordinate System-Footnote-42762136
Node: Arithmetic on datasets2762310
Node: Tessellation library2794216
Node: Independent tiles2798367
Node: Tile grid2817658
Node: Bounding box2829544
Node: Polygons2835185
Node: Qsort functions2847743
Node: K-d tree2853695
Ref: K-d tree-Footnote-12865899
Node: Permutations2866298
Ref: Permutations-Footnote-12869557
Node: Matching2869849
Node: Statistical operations2879672
Node: Fitting functions2910452
Ref: Fitting functions-Footnote-12922863
Ref: Fitting functions-Footnote-22922957
Ref: Fitting functions-Footnote-32923054
Ref: Fitting functions-Footnote-42923136
Ref: Fitting functions-Footnote-52923198
Node: Binary datasets2923285
Node: Labeled datasets2937078
Ref: Labeled datasets-Footnote-12954555
Ref: Labeled datasets-Footnote-22954893
Node: Convolution functions2955060
Ref: Convolution functions-Footnote-12958895
Node: Pooling functions2958948
Node: Interpolation2960955
Ref: Interpolation-Footnote-12973487
Node: Warp library2973549
Node: Color functions2985173
Node: Git wrappers2987263
Node: Python interface2989095
Node: Unit conversion library2992190
Node: Spectral lines library3004517
Ref: Spectral lines library-Footnote-13015843
Node: Cosmology library3015913
Node: SAO DS9 library3019319
Ref: SAO DS9 library-Footnote-13021882
Node: Library demo programs3021945
Node: Library demo - reading a FITS image3023069
Node: Library demo - inspecting neighbors3027100
Node: Library demo - multi-threaded operation3030612
Node: Library demo - reading and writing table columns3038020
Node: Library demo - Warp to another image3045870
Node: Library demo - Warp to new grid3052484
Node: Developing3059673
Node: Why C3062082
Ref: Why C-Footnote-13069096
Ref: Why C-Footnote-23069126
Ref: Why C-Footnote-33069194
Ref: Why C-Footnote-43069228
Ref: Why C-Footnote-53069261
Ref: Why C-Footnote-63069326
Ref: Why C-Footnote-73069525
Ref: Why C-Footnote-83069631
Ref: Why C-Footnote-93069705
Ref: Why C-Footnote-103069831
Ref: Why C-Footnote-113069878
Ref: Why C-Footnote-123070109
Ref: Why C-Footnote-133070225
Node: Program design philosophy3070271
Ref: Program design philosophy-Footnote-13073335
Ref: Program design philosophy-Footnote-23073597
Ref: Program design philosophy-Footnote-33073705
Node: Coding conventions3073753
Ref: Coding conventions-Footnote-13086191
Ref: Coding conventions-Footnote-23086263
Ref: Coding conventions-Footnote-33086569
Ref: Coding conventions-Footnote-43086724
Node: Program source3086992
Node: Mandatory source code files3088099
Node: The TEMPLATE program3097204
Node: Documentation3102410
Node: Building and debugging3107359
Node: Test scripts3110374
Ref: Test scripts-Footnote-13112976
Ref: Test scripts-Footnote-23113143
Node: Bash programmable completion3113327
Node: Bash TAB completion tutorial3115243
Ref: Bash TAB completion tutorial-Footnote-13126816
Ref: Bash TAB completion tutorial-Footnote-23126916
Ref: Bash TAB completion tutorial-Footnote-33126998
Node: Implementing TAB completion in Gnuastro3127080
Node: Developer's checklist3130633
Node: Gnuastro project webpage3132570
Ref: Gnuastro project webpage-Footnote-13136777
Ref: Gnuastro project webpage-Footnote-23136831
Ref: Gnuastro project webpage-Footnote-33136867
Node: Developing mailing lists3136990
Node: Contributing to Gnuastro3139244
Node: Copyright assignment3141244
Node: Commit guidelines3145332
Ref: Commit guidelines-Footnote-13151595
Node: Production workflow3151658
Ref: Production workflow-Footnote-13154554
Ref: Production workflow-Footnote-23154633
Ref: Production workflow-Footnote-33154716
Node: Forking tutorial3154798
Ref: Forking tutorial-Footnote-13162948
Ref: Forking tutorial-Footnote-23163229
Node: Other useful software3163339
Node: SAO DS93163866
Node: TOPCAT3167611
Node: PGPLOT3170467
Ref: PGPLOT-Footnote-13174059
Node: GNU Free Doc License3174111
Node: GNU General Public License3199266
Node: Index3236852

End Tag Table


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